All questions
5
Q1
Why is power-sharing desirable in a democracy?
Power-sharing is desirable because it reduces conflict among social groups, protects minority interests, and strengthens democratic participation. It is also morally right because democracy is based on the idea that people affected by decisions should have a voice in making them.
Q2
Compare the power-sharing experiences of Belgium and Sri Lanka.
Belgium accommodated linguistic diversity through constitutional arrangements, community government, equal representation, and decentralisation. Sri Lanka initially followed majoritarian policies that favoured the Sinhala majority, which increased alienation among Tamils and led to conflict.
Q3
Describe major forms of power-sharing.
Power can be shared among organs of government such as legislature, executive, and judiciary; among governments at different levels; among social groups; and among political parties, pressure groups, and movements. These forms prevent concentration of power.
Q4
Differentiate between horizontal and vertical power-sharing.
Horizontal power-sharing distributes power among organs at the same level, such as legislature, executive, and judiciary. Vertical power-sharing distributes power among different levels of government, such as central, state, and local governments.
Q5
What is community government in Belgium?
Community government in Belgium is elected by people belonging to one language community, such as Dutch, French, or German speakers, regardless of where they live. It has powers over cultural, educational, and language-related matters.