Questions
5
Q1
What was proto-industrialisation?
Proto-industrialisation was a phase before factories when merchants supplied raw materials to rural producers who made goods in their homes. It linked countryside households with wider markets and helped expand production before factory industry became dominant.
Q2
How did factories change industrial production?
Factories brought workers and machines together under one roof, used power-driven technology, increased output, and allowed closer supervision of labour. They changed work discipline, time management, and the organisation of production.
Q3
How did industrialisation develop in colonial India?
Industrialisation in India developed under colonial constraints. Early industries included cotton and jute mills, but Indian producers faced competition from British machine-made goods, limited support, and markets shaped by colonial trade policies.
Q4
Describe the condition of workers in the age of industrialisation.
Workers faced long hours, low wages, seasonal employment, job insecurity, and strict discipline. Many migrants depended on networks from their villages to find work, while women and children were often paid less.
Q5
How did advertisements help create markets for industrial goods?
Advertisements used images, labels, calendars, and brand names to make goods attractive and trustworthy. They connected products with quality, modernity, tradition, or national feeling, persuading consumers to buy factory-made goods.