Questions
5
Q1
Why is manufacturing important for economic development?
Manufacturing converts raw materials into more valuable goods, creates jobs, supports agriculture through demand for raw materials and tools, strengthens trade, and increases national income. A strong manufacturing sector helps reduce dependence on primary activities alone.
Q2
Explain the factors that influence the location of industries.
Industrial location is influenced by availability of raw materials, power, labour, capital, market, transport, water, government policies, and agglomeration economies. Industries try to reduce production and transport costs while staying close to resources or consumers.
Q3
Differentiate between agro-based and mineral-based industries.
Agro-based industries use agricultural raw materials, such as cotton textiles, sugar, jute, and food processing. Mineral-based industries use minerals and metals, such as iron and steel, aluminium, cement, and machine tools. Both connect primary production with manufacturing.
Q4
What types of pollution are caused by industries?
Industries can cause air pollution through smoke and gases, water pollution through untreated effluents, thermal pollution by releasing hot water, land pollution through solid waste, and noise pollution from machinery. These affect human health and ecosystems.
Q5
Suggest measures to control industrial pollution.
Industrial pollution can be controlled by treating wastewater before discharge, using cleaner fuels, fitting smoke filters and electrostatic precipitators, recycling water, reducing noise, managing hazardous waste safely, and following environmental standards strictly.