Chapter 2 · Question 1

What is federalism?

Answer

Direct Answer

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent units such as states. Both levels have their own jurisdiction, and the Constitution specifies their powers.

Simple Explanation

Federalism is a system where power is constitutionally divided between a central government and state governments, each with its own defined jurisdiction.

Exam-Ready Structure

Federalism is a system of government in which: • Power is constitutionally divided between a central (national) authority and various constituent units (states, provinces, or regions). • Each level of government — central and state — operates in its own sphere of jurisdiction, defined and protected by the constitution. • Neither level can unilaterally alter the fundamental provisions of the constitution regarding the division of powers. • An independent judiciary (like the Supreme Court in India) settles disputes between the centre and states. • The central government and state governments are separately answerable to the people for their respective subjects. • Federalism is distinguished from a unitary system, where all power is concentrated in a single central government that may delegate authority to lower units but can also take it back. Countries like India, the USA, Canada, Australia, and Belgium are examples of federations. In contrast, the United Kingdom and France have unitary systems (though with some decentralisation).

Key Points

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent units such as states.
Both levels have their own jurisdiction, and the Constitution specifies their powers.