All questions
5
Q1
Why do different people have different developmental goals?
Different people have different developmental goals because their situations, needs, and priorities differ. A landless labourer may want more wages and work security, while a businessperson may want better infrastructure and profit. Development therefore cannot be judged by one goal alone.
Q2
Why is income an important but incomplete measure of development?
Income is important because it helps people buy goods and services, but it is incomplete because development also depends on health, education, security, equality, freedom, and environmental quality. Two regions with similar income may differ greatly in public facilities and quality of life.
Q3
What is per capita income and what are its limitations?
Per capita income is the total income of a country or state divided by its population. It helps compare average income, but it hides inequality because it does not show how income is distributed among people.
Q4
Why are public facilities important for development?
Public facilities such as schools, hospitals, safe drinking water, sanitation, roads, and public distribution systems improve quality of life for many people at once. Some services cannot be provided effectively by individuals alone and need collective public action.
Q5
Explain sustainable development with reference to resources and future generations.
Sustainable development means development that meets present needs without harming the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It requires careful use of groundwater, minerals, forests, and other resources so that economic growth does not create long-term scarcity.