What are the functions performed by the testis in human beings?

The testes have two main jobs: making sperm cells for reproduction, and producing the male hormone testosterone, which is responsible for male features like a deep voice and facial hair.

The testes are the primary male reproductive organs located in the scrotum (outside the body cavity to maintain a temperature 2-3°C lower than body temperature, essential for sperm production). Their functions are: 1. Spermatogenesis — The production of male gametes (sperms). Sperms are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes through meiosis, resulting in haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes. Millions of sperms are produced daily after puberty. 2. Hormone secretion — The interstitial cells (Leydig cells) in the testes secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males such as deepening of voice, growth of facial and body hair, increased muscle mass, and enlargement of the penis and testes during puberty.